The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of subcutaneous supplementation of 300 mg of zinc, 50 mg of manganese, 25 mg of selenium, and 75 mg of copper (MULTIMIN® North America, Inc., Fort Collins, Co) at 230 days of gestation, 260 days of gestation, and 35 days postpartum, on health, milk production and reproduction of lactating Holstein cows. A randomized field trial was conducted on 3 large commercial dairy farms located near Ithaca, New York and 1416 cows were enrolled. Subcutaneous TMS significantly decreased linear Somatic Cell Count (SCC) scores as compared to control cows. The interaction of parity (1, 2, > 2) and treatment group (Control vs. TMS) was significant; the effect of treatment on linear score increased as parity group increased and the greatest reduction in linear scores was observed in parity > 2 cows treated with TMS. Control cows had 1.31 times higher odds of subclinical mastitis than TMS cows. The main effect of treatment on clinical mastitis was not significant, however; the interaction of treatment and parity was significant with a reduction of 39% in the cumulative incidence of clinical mastitis observed for multiparous cows treated with TMS. Additionally, control cows had 1.69 and 1.30 increased odds of having stillbirth parturitions and endometritis, respectively.
Resources
Trial Data
Cornell University: The effect of injectable trace mineral (selenium, copper, zinc, and manganese) on health and production of lactating Holstein cows
University of Sao Paulo: Embryo Recipient Study
Subcutaneous administration of ITM did not increase the number of heifers successfully synchronized compared to non-injected controls [ITM group=82.1%
(308/375) versus control=83.1% (375/451); P=0.76]. However, heifers belonging to the ITM group (n=219) had a 1.58 fold and 1.72-fold higher (P=0.005) odds of being pregnant 23 and 48 days after TET compared to the control group (n=276; not receiving ITM), respectively.
University of Florida: IBR Vaccine Response Study
MULTIMIN® administration at the same time as vaccinating with a 5 way modified live vaccine resulted in greater (P ≤ 0.003) neutralizing antibody titers to BHV-1 on d 14, 30, and 60 after vaccination compared to Control (vaccinated only)animals.
University of Florida: Beef Calf Response Study
Administration of MULTIMIN® resulted in greater (P ≤ 0.02) overall average concentrations of liver Copper and Selenium and a lesser (P = 0.05) liver Iron concentration compared to saline-injected calves.
Kansas State University: Beef Reproductive Efficiency Study
MULTIMIN® administration at pregnancy diagnosis and again 30 days prior to breeding, resulted in greater conception to AI (P=0.05) for cows receiving MULTIMIN® (60.2%) than for cows receiving Saline (51.2%)and overall pregnancy % was greater (P=0.24) for cows receiving MULTIMIN® (93%) than for cows receiving Saline(89.9%).
University of Missouri: Feedlot Receival & Finishing Phase Study (Steer Calves)
MULTIMIN improved feed efficiency (P=0.04) compared to their negative control contrasts during the finishing phase.
University of Arkansas: Feedlot Receival Phase Study (Heifer Calves)
MULTIMIN tended to improve feed conversion (P<0.05) compared to their non treated contrasts.Calves on the mineral treatment also tended to be treated for sickness less frequently (P<0.05) and had significantly (p<0.05) lower antibiotic treatment costs compared to unsupplemented controls.
Oklahoma State: Feedlot Receival Phase Study (Bull Calves)
MULTIMIN tended to increase (P<.06) overall daily gain as well feed conversion (P<.19) compared to their negative non treated control calves. Calves receiving the mineral treatment also tended to be treated for sickness less frequently (P<.08).
University of Tennessee: Heifer Enzyme Study
One injections of MULTIMIN may be a useful method to ensure improved Glutathione Peroxidase enzyme status at breeding and calving. Heifer glutathione Peroxidase enzyme status was significantly (p<0.02) improved over a 56 day trial period.
Texas A&M: Beef Cow Reproductive Study
Two Injections of MULTIMIN may be a useful method to ensure improved trace mineral status at breeding and calving. Breeding cow mineral status was significantly (p<0.05) improved at liver level, resulting in a tendency for improved conception rate.
Iowa State: Multimin Beef Cattle Metabolism Study
MULTIMIN improved the trace mineral status of Angus and Simmental calves when compared to controls receiving sterilized saline. This study explains blood, liver and enzyme responses more clearly.
Wisconsin Dairy Field Study
Trial results indicate the efficiency of micro-mineral functions in dairy cows on an "adequate" feed micro-mineral program(including organic minerals) can be enhanced significantly by the addition of two MULTIMIN injections to the management program given at critical stress periods, 4 weeks before expected calving date and 4 weeks before breeding.
California Dairy Field Study
This field study shows conclusively that the efficiency of trace element functions in dairy cows on an adequate feed trace element program can be increased significantly by the additional supplementation of two trace mineral injections, resulting in improved reproductive performance. Especially in second lactation animals (p<0.05)
